This book, written by 33 stratigraphic experts, presents various processes available which will enable the location in time of all rock types: sedimentary,...
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Résumé
This book, written by 33 stratigraphic experts, presents various processes available which will enable the location in time of all rock types: sedimentary, metamorphic, plutonic, and eruptive, whether they are in outcrop or at subsurface. The terminology and the appropriate practices for each method are presented in separate chapters and illustrated with concrete examples. The order of the chapters is modeled on the progression of the stratigraphic process, from the descriptive to the interpretative, from the methods of the geometric stratigraphy (lithostratigraphy and genetic stratigraphy, chemostratigraphy, magnetostratigraphy) to the chronological stratigraphy (biostratigraphy), followed by the chronometric stratigraphy (isotopic geochronology). The final two chapters are dedicated to chronostratigraphic units and correlations which combine the contributions of various methods and to the presentation of the 2007 version of the Geological Time Scale. The definitions of stratigraphic terms can be found in a glossary at the end of the work. The book is addressed to all professional geologists, from the industrial sector as well as those in universities, including teachers and researchers who would like to deepen their knowledge of the vocabulary, the concepts, the methods and the practical applications of different approaches of stratigraphy, a reference discipline for the entirety of the geological sciences.
Sommaire
STRATIGRAPHY :
FOUNDATIONS AND PERSPECTIVES : J
REY
DEFINITION OF STRATIGRAPHY
THE LANGUAGE OF STRATIGRAPHY
THE NEED FOR A COMMON LANGUAGE
STRATIGRAPHIC METHODS AND PROCESSES
LITHOLOGIC CYCLES (P COTILLON)
STRATIGRAPHICTRENDS
CONVENTIONS IN LITHOSTRATIGRAPHY
ORGANIZATION OFTHE BOOK
LITHOSTRATIGRAPHY from lithologic units to genetic stratigraphy
DEFINITION (L
COUREL & J
REY)
LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC UNITS
FROM SEQUENCES OF OBJECTS TO GENETIC SEQUENCES (J
REY)
SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY (G
RUSCIADELLI)
CHEMOSTRATIGRAPHY
DEFINITION
TERMINOLOGY
PRACTICE
Classical biostratigraphy and biostratigraphic units
SPECIFIC STRATIGRAPHIES : P
LEBRET, R
CAPDEVILA, M
CAMPY, M
ISAMBERT, J.P LAUTRIDOU, J.J
MACAIRE, F
MENILLET, R
MEYER & A
DE GOER DE HERVE
STRATIGRAPHY OF THE METAMORPHIC AND PLUTONICTERRAINS (R
GAPDEVILA)
- TERMINOLOGY
The logical biostratigraphy or Unitary Associations method
"Statistical biostratigraphy"
MAGNETOSTRATIGRAPHY : B GALBRUN (COORD.), N.K
BELKAALOUL & L
LANCI
DEFINITION
TERMINOLOGY
BIOSTRATIGRAPHY FROM TAXON TO BIOZONES AND BIOZONAL SCHEMES
J THIERRY & S
GALEOTTI
DEFINITION AND AIM
Introduction
The biostratigraphic procedures
Index fossils, isochrony, dating and correlations
Evolution of concepts and methods
The biozone, the basic unit of biostratigraphy
Definition and identification of biozones
CONCEPTS, METHODS ANDTERMS IN BIOSTRATIGRAPHY
PRACTICE
The stops of the procedure of biostratigraphy
Results of the classical biostratigraphy
Use of the classic biozones
Possible diachronism of bioevents
Significance, precision and reliability of the classical biozones
Results of the logical biostratigraphy
Results of the statistical biostratigraphy
Relations between the classic biostratigraphic units, the units of the logical biostratigraphy and the units of the statistical biostratigraphy
Relations between biochronology, geochronology and chronostratigraphy
Biochronology and chronostratigraphy: biozone and stage boundary
Biochronology and geochronology: the geochronologic calibration of biostratigraphic scales
Recommendations in biostratigraphy
Definition and denomination of biostratigraphic units
Validation of biostratigraphic units
Use of biozones and biostratigraphic scales
ISOTOPE GEOCHRONOLOGY N CLAUER & A COCHERIE
Introduction
Description of methods
Technical aspects
Direct isotopic dating of sedimentary rocks
K-ar, rb-sr and sm-nd dating of precambrian sediments
Other methods of stratigraphic dating of sediments
Indirect isotopic dating of sedimentary rocks layered intrusions
Geochronometry of precambriantime (r
Capdevla)
Stratigraphy of surficial formations (p lebret (coord.), M
Campy, m
Isambert, j.-p lautridou, J -J Macaire, F Menillet & r
Meyer)
Quaternary stratigraphy (p lebret (coord.), M
Campy, m
Isambert, P lautridou j -j Macaire, f menillet & r
Meyer)
Stratigraphy 0f volcanic terrains (a
De göer de herve)
Presentation
Vocabulary
Volcanic and volcanogenic materials
Facies associations and lithostratigraphic units
Questionable vocabulary
Practice
Periodicity
Dating
CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHIC UNITS AND CORRELATIONS : J
REY (COORD.), L
COUREL, J
THIERRY, J.-E RAYNAUD & S
GALEOTTI
DEFINITION
PRACTICE
Duration of chronostratigraphic units
CONCLUSONS:THE STRATIGRAPHICTOOL CONVENTIONS
Main rules in the definition of chronostratigraphic units
Procedures for the ratification of chronostratigraphic units and their stratotypes
THE GEOLOGICALTIME SCALE FM
GRADSTEIN JAMES OGG & GABI OGG
INTRODUCTION
BOUNDARY STRATOTYPES
Definition
Klonk
Progress with gssp's
Reconcile proterozoic rock record with abstracttime